北语18春《大学英语(三)》第二阶段辅导文章1-词汇与结构参考

北语18春《大学英语(三)》第二阶段辅导文章1——词汇与结构
单选题Exercises:答案请在论坛提交。
1. Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children ________to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.
　　A. to develop  B. to be developed  C. developing   D. will develop
2. Space exploration promises to open up many new territories for human settlement, as well as _________the harvest of mineral resources.
　　A. leads to   B. to lead to   C. leading to   D. lead to
3. Someday, solar power collected by satellites ________ the earth or fission power (裂变能)manufactured by mankind may give us all the energy we need for an expanding civilization.
　　A. circled   B. to circle   C. circling    D.circles
4. In this experiment, they are wakened several times during the night, and asked to report what they ________ .
　　A. had just been dreaming      B. are just dreaming
　　C. have just been dreaming     D. had just dreamt
5. Her terror was so great ________ somewhere to escape, she would have run for her life.
　　A. only if                   B. that there had only been
C. that had there only been     D. if there were only
suggest的用法
动词suggest有如下一些用法:
一、 有"建议"的意思.advise, propose 也有此义,请比较它们用法的异同:
1) 都可接名词作宾语
She suggested / advised / proposed an early start. 她建议早一点出发.
We suggested / advised / proposed a visit to the museum the next day. 我们建议明天去参观博物馆.2) 都可接动名词作宾语
I suggested / advised / proposed putting off the sports meet. 我建议将运动会延期.
They suggested / advised / proposed waiting until the proper time. 他们建议(我们)等到恰当的时机才行动.3) 都可接that 宾语从句,that从句用should+动词原形,should可以省略.
She suggested / advised / proposed that the class meeting (should) not be held on Saturday. 她建议班会不要在星期六举行.
We suggested / advised / proposed that he (should) go and make an apology to his teacher. 我们建议他去向老师道歉.4) advise 可接动词不定式复合宾语,propose 可接不定式作宾语.
I advised him to give up the foolish idea. = I suggested / proposed his / him giving up the foolish idea. 我建议他放弃那愚蠢的念头.(suggest和propose在口语里可接动名词的复合宾语).
We proposed to start early. = We proposed starting early. 我们建议早一点出发.(接不定式不用suggest和advise)二、 有"提出"的意思.如:
He suggested a different plan to his boss. 他向老板提出了一个不同的计划.
Xiao Wang suggested a way to solve the problem. 小王提出了一个解决这个问题的办法.三、 有"暗示、表明"的意思.其主语往往是事物,而不是人.
1)接名词或动名词作宾语.
The simple house suggested a modest income. 这座简朴的房子表明(房主的)收入并不高.
Her pale face suggested bad health. 她脸色苍白,看来身体不好.
The thought of summer suggests swimming. 一想到夏天就使人们联想到游泳.2)接宾语从句,从句用陈述语气.如:
The decision suggested that he might bring his family. 这个决定表明他可以把家属带来.
The expression on his face suggested that he was very angry. 他脸上的表情表明他很生气.

四、 在主语从句It is suggested that... 及名词suggestion 后面表示具体建议的表语从句、同位语从句都应用should+动词原形,should可以省略.如:
It was suggested that we (should) give a performance at the party. 人们建议我们在晚会上表演节目.
His suggestion was that the debts (should) be paid off first. 他的建议是先把债务还清.
The doctors made a suggestion that the new hospital (should) not be set up on the hill. 医生们建议不要把新医院建在山上.
直接宾语和间接宾语
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物，前者叫作间接宾语；后者叫作直接宾语。用法如下：
1、直接宾语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式充当。间接宾语是指动词的行为所指向的人。间接宾语由名词或宾格代词充当。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前，但有时当直接宾语比间接宾语短得多时，或当我们特别强调间接宾语时。
E.g:
Remember to write us a letter please. 请记着给我们写信。
I will return the book to you tomorrow. 我明天还你书。
Fetch a chair for me, will you? 给我取一把椅子好吗？
2、当间接宾语为人称代词，同时直接宾语也是人称代词时，也将间接宾语放在直接宾语之后。
E.g:
I have found the book and give it to her.
我找到了那本书，并给了她。
3、间接宾语只能用在某些动词的后面，常见的这类动词有：
give, show, send, bring, offer, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return,
write, pay, point, play, save, spare, order, sing, find等。
E.g:
The teacher gave us a lot of homework.
= The teacher gave a lot of homework to us
老师留给我们很多作业。
He bought flowers for his girlfriend.
= He bought his girlfriend flowers. 他给女友买花。
He threw the ball to me, and I caught it.
= He threw me the ball, and I caught it.
他把球扔给我，我接住了。
英语情态动词的基本用法归纳
情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。
　　一、 can, could
　　1) 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。
　　Can you lift this heavy box?（体力）
　　Mary can speak three languages.（知识）
　　Can you skate?（技能）
　　此时可用be able to代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而be able to则有更多的时态。
　　I’ll not be able to come this afternoon.
　　当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to，不能用Can。如：
　　He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.
　　2) 表示请求和允许。
　　-----Can I go now?
　　----- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.
　　此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。
　　---- Could I come to see you tomorrow?
　　---- Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. )
　　3) 表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。
　　They’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.
　　This hall can hold 500 people at least.
　　4) 表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。
　　Can this be true?
　　This can’t be done by him.
　　How can this be true?
　　二、 may, might
　　1) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t或mustn’t，表示“不可以，禁止”。
　　----Might/ May I smoke in this room?
　　---- No, you mustn’t.
　　---- May/Might I take this book out of the room?
　　---- Yes, you can. (No, you can’t / mustn’t. )
　　用May I...？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I...？在口语中更常见。
　　2）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。
　　May you succeed!
　　3) 表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句）。
　　might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。
　　1．He may /might be very busy now.
　　2．Your mother may /might not know the truth.
　　三、 must, have to
　　1) 表示必须、必要。
　　You must come in time.
　　在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn’t（禁止，不准），而用needn’t, don’t have to（不必）.
　　---- Must we hand in our exercise books today?
　　---- Yes, you must.
　　---- No, you don’t have to / you needn’t.
　　2) must是说话人的主观看法， 而have to则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时， have to 有更多的时态形式。
　　1． he play isn’t interesting, I really must go now.
　　2． I had to work when I was your age.
　　3) 表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句）
　　1． You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best.
　　2． Your mother must be waiting for you now.
　　四、 dare, need
　　1) dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。
　　1． How dare you say I’m unfair?
　　2． He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he?
　　3． If we dared not go there that day， we couldn’t get the beautiful flowers.
　　2) need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。
　　1．You needn’t come so early.
　　2. ---- Need I finish the work today?
　　---- Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.
　　3) dare和 need作实义动词用时， 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。
　　1. I dare to swim across this river.
　　2. He doesn’t dare (to) answer.
　　3. He needs to finish his homework today.
　　五、 shall, should
　　1) shall 用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。
　　What shall we do this evening?
　　2) shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
　　1. You shall fail if you don’t work hard.(警告)
　　2. He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺)
　　3. He shall be punished.(威胁)
　　六、 will, would
　　1) 表示请求、建议等，would更委婉。
　　Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?
　　2) 表示意志、愿望和决心。
　　1. I will never do that again.
　　2. They asked him if he would go abroad.
　　3) would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式，且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。
　　1. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.
　　2. The wound would not heal.
　　4) 表示估计和猜想。
　　It would be about ten o’clock when she left home.
　　七、 should, ought to
　　1) should, ought to表示“应该”，ought to表示义务或责任，比should语气重。
　　1. I should help her because she is in trouble.
　　2. You ought to take care of the baby.
　　2) 表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。
　　1. You should / ought to go to class right away.
　　2. Should I open the window?
　　3) 表示推测
　　should , ought to (客观推测), must(主观推测)。
　　1.He must be home by now. (断定他已到家)
　　2.He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定)
　　3. This is where the oil must be.(直爽)
　　4. This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄)
　　八、 情态动词+不定式完成式（have done）
　　1) can / could + have done在肯定句中表示“本来可以做而实际上能做某事”，是虚拟语气；在疑问句或否定句中表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定, 表示推测。
　　1. You could have done better, but you didn’t try your best. （虚拟语气）
　　2. He can’t have been to that town.（推测）
　　3. Can he have got the book?（推测）
　　2) may / might +不定式完成式（have done）
　　表示对过去行为的推测。不能用于疑问句中，没有虚拟语气的用法。Might所表示的可能性比may小。
　　1. He may not have finished the work .
　　2. If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.
　　3）must +不定式完成式（have done）
　　用于肯定句中，表示对过去行为的推测。意为“一定、想必”。其疑问、否定形式用can，can’t代替。参看1) can / could + have done表示推测。
　　1. You must have seen the film Titanic.
　　2. He must have been to Shanghai.
　　4）should +不定式完成式（have done）
　　用于肯定句中，表示对过去行为的推测。
　　He should have finished the work by now。
　　表示“本应该做而实际上没有做某事”，其否定式表示某种行为本不该发生却发生了。可以与ought to +不定式完成式（have done）互换。
　　1. You ought to / should have helped him. (but you didn’t.)
　　2. She shouldn’t have taken away my measuring tape, for I wanted to use it.
　　5) needn’t +不定式完成式（have done）
　　表示“本来不必做而实际上做了某事”。
　　You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.
　　6) will +不定式完成式（have done）
　　主要用于第二、三人称，表示对已完成的动作或事态的推测。
He will have arrived by now.
                                             《大学英语三》辅导老师
奥鹏易百