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西南大学网络与继续教育学院课程考试试题卷
类别： 网教 专业：英语 2017年12月
课程名称【编号】：语言学导论【0181】 A卷
大作业 满分：100分
Ⅰ. For each question there are four choices. Decide which one would be the best answer to the question, or would best complete the sentence. Write the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET. (20%)
1. _______ is that part of the meaning of word or phrase that relates it to phenomena in the real world or in a fictional or possible world.
A. Connotation B. Affective meaning C. Denotation D. Sense
2. _______ refers to the use of a native language pattern or rule which leads to an error or inappropriate form in the target language.
A. Interlanguage B. Positive transfer
C. Negative transfer D. Overgeneralization
3. “friendly” is a(n) _______.
A. compound B. inflectional word C. derivative D. morpheme
4. Conjunctions, preposition, pronouns and articles can be classified as ____.
A. lexical words B. grammatical words
C. pro-forms D. content words
5. ______ refers to the fact that language can be used to talk about things remote either in space or in time.
A. Displacement B. Creativity C. Interchangeability D. Duality
6. The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn’t it?” is mainly _______.
A. directive B. informative C. phatic D. interrogative
7. There are ______ morphemes in the word “children’s”.
A. seven B. two C. three D. nine
8. ______ is the branch of linguistics which studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription.
A. Phonology B. Phonetic alphabet C. Corpus linguistics D. Phonetics
9. In testing, _______ refers to the degree to which a test gives consistent results when it is given on different occasions or when it is used to test different people.
A. practicality B. reliability C. validity D. objectivity
10. Teaching culture in our language classes can _______.
A. get the students familiar with cultural differences
B. help the students transcend their own culture and see things as the members of the target culture will
C. emphasize the inseparability of understanding language and understanding culture through various classroom practices
D. All of the above.
Ⅱ. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False. (20%)
11. Arbitrariness refers to the absence of logical connection between the form of a linguistic sign and what it relates to in reality.
12. Backformation is a process in which incorrect linguistic features become a permanent part of the way a person speaks or writes in the target language.
13. Immediate constituent is the smaller grammatical unit into which a larger grammatical construction is divided into through binary segmentation.
14. Categorization is the mental process of classification.
15. Bilingualism refers to the relationship between two sentences where the truth of one is inferred from the truth of the other.
16. Registers are varieties of language that are related to use.
17. Entailment refers to the situation where at least two languages are used side by side by an individual or by a group of speakers, with each having a different role to play.
18. Semantic field is a set of words with an identifiable semantic connection.
19. The syntagmatic relation is the horizontal relationship between linguistic elements, which form linear sequences.
20. Fossilization is the creation of a new word by removing an affix from an existing word or by removing what is mistakenly considered an affix.
Ⅲ. Reading comprehension. Read the following passage and answer each of the questions based on it. Choose the correct answer write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. (20%)
It is, everyone agrees, a huge task that the child performs when he learns to speak, and the fact that he does so in so short a period of time challenges explanation.
Language learning begins with listening. Individual children vary greatly in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and late starters are often long listeners. Most children will “obey” spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word obey is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises.
Any attempt to trace the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves out as particularly indicative of delight, distress, sociability, and so on. But since these cannot be said to show the baby’s intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyments, and that by six months they are able to add new sounds to their repertoire (能发出的全部声音). This self-imitation leads on to deliberate imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.
21. By “...challenges explanation” (Line 2, Para. 1) the author means that ________.
A. no explanation is necessary for such an obvious phenomenon
B. no explanation has been made up to now
C. it’s no easy job to provide an adequate explanation
D. it’s high time that an explanation was provided
22. The third paragraph is mainly about ________.
A. the development of babies’ early forms of language
B. the difficulties of babies in learning to speak
C. babies’ strong desire to communicate
D. babies’ intention to communicate
23. The author’s purpose in writing the second paragraph is to show that children ________.
A. usually obey without asking questions
B. are passive in the process of learning to speak
C. are born cooperative
D. learn to speak by listening
24. From the passage we learn that ________.
A. early starters can learn to speak within only six months
B. children show a strong desire to communicate by making noises
C. imitation plays an important role in learning to speak
D. children have various difficulties in learning to speak
25. The best title for this passage would be ________.
A. A Huge Task for Children
B. How Babies Learn to Speak
C. Early Forms of Language
D. Noise Making and Language Learning.
Ⅳ. Answer the following questions, each in 120 to 200 words. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (40%)
26. Analyze the following conversation by using the theory of conversational implicature. (20%)
Tom: Hi, Jerry, where is my cake?
Jerry: John came and left with his dog just now.
(Clue: the cooperative principle and its four maxims – the maxim of quality, the maxim of quantity, the maxim of relation and the maxim of manner)
27. What have you learned from the course of linguistics? (20%)
(Clue: You can say whatever, linguistic or non-linguistic, you have learned from the course. But make sure your answer is clear and logical. You may answer the question in Chinese, but this may result in a loss of marks.)
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发表于 2017-12-4 15:21:27
