福建师范大学2020年2月期末考试《高级英语阅读(一)》A卷

福建师范大学网络与继续教育学院
《高级英语阅读(一)》期末考试A卷
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奥鹏福建师范大学

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一、客观题（每题3分）
I判断对错题（答案务必写在答题纸上，对的写“T”，错的写“F”
ReadLesson6TextB“UnwillingtoSchool”Judgewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.
（阅读教材第6课课文B，判断对错）
UnwillinglytoSchool
ByKatrinFitzHerbert
Everychildwithapoorschoolattendancerecordisachildindanger.Atbestheisindangerofnotfulfillinghiseducationalpotentialatworstheisindangerofcrueltyorneglect.
Enforcedschoolabsenceinchildhoodissometimesusedbyadultstojustifytheirowncareerfailure.Itisdifficultforachildtoplaytruantregularlyifhisparentsarekeenforhimtoattendschool.Muchtruancyisopenlycondonedasfortherestnotknowingthatyourchildrenplaytruantisequivalenttonotensuringthattheyareatschool.Itshowslackofinterestintheirwhereaboutsapathyabouttheireducationorinabilitytocontrolthem—i.e.ineffectiveparents...
Thecharacteristicswhichleadfamiliestorejectregularschoolingarelikelytohaveotherdetrimentaleffectsonthechildrenbesideseducationalfailure.Forwhatcouldmakeparentsdecidethatthemostwidelyagreedroutetosecureemploymentsocialacceptanceandpersonalsatisfactionisnotforthem?Thefirstreasonisageneraldifficultyindealingwithfamilyresponsibilitiesparticularlyinthestressfulenvironmentofmoderncities.Gettingthechildtoschoolontimeistoomuchtocopewith(alarmclockbreakfastclothesshoesgymclotheslunchmoney).Secondlythechildscompanymaycomfortadepressedisolatedmother.
Theschoolsinsistenceonuniformsorotherobligationsandpossiblyitsundisguiseddisapprovalofan&quotinadequate&quotfamilymaybethelaststraw.Childrenwhogrowupinsuchfamiliesarelikelytobedeprivedinmanywaysbesideseducation.
Inthesefamilieseducationiswrittenoffasawasteoftime.Forachildgrowingupthisispossiblymoreseriousthanthelossofeducation.Habitualnonattendancecanaccustomchildrenveryearlyintheirlivestorejectingthevaluesandlegalrequirementsofsociety.Itisatrainingindevianceandantisocialbehaviourwhichcanlaythefoundationforagenerallydeviantcareer.Thecommonprogressionfromtruancyorparentallycondonedabsencetojuvenilecrimehasbeenreliablyestablished.
Ingreatestdangerofallisthechildwhosuccessfullyplaystruantforlongperiodswithouthisparentsknowledge.Hispersonalisolationandalienationnotjustfromconventionalbehaviourbutfromhisownfamilyputshimindangerofdelinquencydrugsormentalillnessinlaterlife.Truancyhasbeencalledthe&quotkindergartenofcrime&quotandbadschoolattendancespellsfailureandpossibleunemploymentinlaterlife.
Itwassoonrealizedthatnonattendancewastoocomplexandseriousaproblemtobedealtwithbyeducationdepartmentsalone.Muchresponsibilityforschoolattendancewasthereforetransferredtosocialworkers.Thismovehasonitsownhoweverpossiblycreatedasmanyproblemsasithassolved.Thisisbecausetheseriousnesswithwhichtheyregardnonattendanceisanissueonwhichsocialworkersandworkersineducationdiffer.Socialworkerstendtoregarditasmerelyonesymptomofsocialfailurewhichparticularlyifhomelessnessphysicalneglectmaritalproblemsandillnessarepresentdoesnotjustifymoreattentionthantherest.
Workersineducationconsidertheotherproblemsasallthemorereasonwhythechildrenconcernedshouldhavetheadvantageofregularschooling.Thelongertheystaytruantthegreateraretheirchancesofgettingintofurthertrouble.Onechiefeducationwelfareofficertoldme&quotThebestformofsocialserviceyoucandofordeprivedchildrenistoseethattheyreceiveeducationinthenormalschoolsetting.&quot
Iwasgivenaccesstoafewcasesofnineyearoldchildrenselectedbytheirheadteacherforcausingconcernduetoproblemsarisingoutsideschool.Ireadtheirfilesandtalkedtotheworkersinvolvedabouthoweachfromhisprofessionalpointofviewsawthechainofeventssincetheinitialreferral.Incasesconcernedwithschoolabsencethismethodproducedacommentaryoftheslowprogressiontowardsstalematewhichcanoccurwhentwodepartmentswithdifferentprioritiesarejointlyresponsibleforsolvingthesameproblem.Forhowcanadecisiveplanforactioneverbeformedifitdependsonthecooperationoftwopeoplewhobasicallydisagree?
Nonattendancecansoinjureachildslifechancesthatitdeservestobetackledbyamoresinglemindedattackthanthis.Aconcertedpolicyshouldfocusonthefollowingareasfirsttheschoolsowncapacityforholdingtheinterestofpupilsseconditsefficiencyinregisteringunexplainedabsencesthirdschoolorientedsocialworkfourthboardingschoolsandfifthpublicattitude.
Thegeneralclimateofaschoolisobviouslyapowerfulfactorinachildsdecisiontoplaytruantsocreatinganacceptableschoolatmosphereisoneofthemostchallengingassignmentsteachersface.Itmusthoweverbedistinguishedfromtheseparatetaskofsettingupefficientmachineryforfollowingupsuspectedtruants.Thisconsistsoftreatinganyunexplainedabsence—evenlatenesswhichisoftenanindicationofabsencetocomeasserious.Iftheschoolimmediatelyqueriesthefirstandsubsequentunexplainedabsenceitwillbemuchmoredifficultforthechildtobecomeahabitualabsentee.
Theschoolssuccessinkeepingnonattendancetoaminimumalsodependsontheeffectivenessofitseducationwelfareofficertheofficiallinkbetweenschoolandhome.Ideallywhenalertedaboutasuspectedabsencehemakesanimmediatehomevisittoseewhathasgonewrong.Inthefirstinstancehemaysimplygoto&quotcollectexcuses&quotgraduallyforminghisownideaoftherealreasonforthechildsabsencethechildisbulliedatschoolthemotherisunhappywhenthechildisatschoolthefamilydoesnotgetupintimetheparentsdontknowaboutthetruancythechildhasnotgotauniformandsoon.Thoughtheofficerwilldowhathecantoalleviateanyproblemhestumblesonhismaininterestistogetthechildbacktoschool.
Anotheringredientofageneralattackonchronicnonattendanceshouldbeboardingeducation.EveryEducationWelfareOfficerhashiscoreofcasesofchildrenwhoseparentsdonotbelieveineducationwhohavesuchpsychologicalproblemsoftheirownthattheyneedtheirchildrenforcompanyorwhoaresoantiauthoritythattheywillnothandtheirchildrenovertoanyrepresentativesofthe&quotestablishment&quottheydetest.Thesearetheparentswithwhomtheofficerandtheschoolorsocialworkersgetnowhereandwhosechildrengetnoeducationtospeakofifleftintheirhomeenvironment.
Teacherseducationwelfareofficersandsocialworkersaresometimesexcessivelyreluctanttoconsiderboardingschool.Theyregarditasapunitiveactionwithacertainfinalityforthechild.Manyreferralsarethereforemadetoolatetobereallyuseful.Sendingachildtoaboardingschoolshouldbetoimproveasituationwhichisnotgoingwell.Howevereverybodyissowaryofitthatwetendtouseitwhenitisreallytoolatewhenparentsarereadytoberelievedofachildwhoisaproblem—thusgivingthechildgoodreasontofeelrejected.Whenthechildisstillwantedandsenttoboardingschoolagainsthisparentswillthenitcanreallysolvetheproblembyansweringthechildseducationalneedswithoutdestroyingfamilybonds.
Finallythepublicapathytowardstruancyisapositiveincentivetochildrenwhohavedifficultiesatschool.Themaninthestreetevenwhenknockedsidewaysbyadiminutivefootballerduringschoolhoursmerelycursesandwalkson.Wouldabsenceratesbeanydifferentifthepublicoccasionally&quothadago&quotatobviousnonattendersandencouragedthemtogivetheirteachersanotherchancetomakeschoolworthwhileforthem?
1.Everychildwithpoorschoolattendancerecordisunabletofulfillhiseducationalpotentialandisgoingtosuffercrueltyorneglect.
2.Manyparentsdonotknowthattheirchildrenplaytruantregularlywhichshowstheirlackofinterestintheirchildren’seducationorinabilitytocontrolthem.
3.Parent’sdifficultyindealingwithfamilyresponsibilityisnotareasonwhichleadsfamiliestorejectregularschooling.
4.Habitualnonattendancecancausechildrenrejectthevaluesandlegalrequirementsofsocietyveryearlyintheirlives.
5.Truancyorparentallycondonedabsencemayormaynotleadtojuvenilecrime.
6.Mentalillnessinlaterlifeisanotherbadeffectoftruancy.
7.Nonattendanceissuchacomplexandseriousproblemthatitcan’tbedealtwithbyeducationdepartmentalone.
8.Accordingtothispassagethesocialworkersandeducationaldepartmentdidn’tcooperateverywellbecausetheydisagreebasically.
9.Accordingtothewriterregisteringunexplainedabsenceisnotveryeffectivetoresolveregularnonattendance.
10.Unliketheparentstheteacherssocialworkersandeducationwelfareofficersareunwillingtosendtruantstoboardingschoolintheearlystage.
　IIDirectionsThereare4passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA)B)C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandwritethecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.　　
Passage1
Spaceisadangerousplacenotonlybecauseofmeteorsbutalsobecauseofraysfromthesunandotherstars.Theatmosphereagainactsasourprotectiveblanketonearth.Lightgetthroughandthisisessentialforplantstomakethefoodwhichweeat.Heattoomakesourenvironmentendurable.Variouskindsofrayscomethroughtheairfromouterspacebutenormousquantitiesofradiationfromthesunarescreenedoff.Assoonasmenleavetheatmospheretheyareexposedtothisradiationbuttheirspacesuitsorthewallsoftheirspacecraftiftheyareinsidedopreventalotofradiationdamage.
Radiationisthegreatestknowndangertoexplorersinspace.Theunitofradiationiscalled“rem”.Scientistshavereasontothinkthatamancanputupwithfarmoreradiationthan0.1remwithoutbeingdamagedthefigureof60remshasbeenagreedon.Thetroubleisthatitisextremelydifficulttobesureaboutradiationdamage—apersonmayfeelperfectlywellbutthecellsofhisorhersexorgansmaybedamagedandthiswillnotbediscovereduntilthebirthofdeformedchildrenorevengrandchildren.MissionsoftheApolloflightshavehadtocrossbeltsofhighradiationandduringtheoutwardandreturnjourneystheApollocrewaccumulatedalargeamountsofrems.SofarnodangerousamountofradiationhavebeenreportedbuttheApollomissionshavebeenquiteshort.Wesimplydonotknowyethowmenaregoingtogetonwhentheyspendweeksandmonthsoutsidetheprotectionoftheatmosphereworkinginaspacelaboratory.Drugsmighthelptodecreasethedamagedonebyradiationbutnoreallyeffectiveoneshavebeenfoundsofar.
11Accordingtothefirstparagraphtheatmosphereisessentialtomaninthat_____.
a.itprotectshimagainsttheharmfulraysfromspace
b.itprovidessufficientlightforplantgrowth
c.itsuppliestheheatnecessaryforhumansurvival
d.itscreensoffthefallingmeteors
12Weknowfromthepassagethat_____.
a.exposuretoeventinyamountsofradiationisfatal
b.theeffectofexposuretoradiationisslowincoming
c.radiationisavoidableinspaceexploration
d.astronautsinspacesuitsneedn’tworryaboutradiationdamage
13TheharmradiationhasdonetotheApollocrewmember______.
a.isinsignificantb.seemsoverestimated
c.isenormousd.remainsunknown
14Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.
a.theApollomissionwasverysuccessful
b.protectionfromspaceradiationisnoeasyjob
c.astronautswillhavedeformedchildrenorgrandchildren
d.radiationisnotathreattowellprotectedspaceexplorers
15Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe______.
a.TheAtmosphereandOurEnvironment
b.ResearchonRadiation
c.EffectsofSpaceRadiation
d.ImportanceofProtectionAgainstRadiation    www.openhelp100.com
奥鹏福建师范大学
Passage2
Tasteissuchasubjectivematterthatwedon’tusuallyconductpreferencetestsforfood.Themostyoucansayaboutanyone’spreferenceisthatit’soneperson’sopinion.ButbecausethetwobigcolacompaniesCocaColaandPepsiColaaremarketedsoaggressivelywe’vewonderedhowbigaroletastepreferenceactuallyplaysinbrandloyalty.WesetupatastetestthatchallengedpeoplewhoidentifiedthemselvesaseitherCocaColaorPepsifansFindyourbrandinablindtasting.
WeinvitedstaffvolunteerswhohadastronglikingforeitherCocaColaclassicorPepsiDietCokeorDietPepsi.Thesewerepeoplewhothoughtthey’dhavenotroubletellingtheirbrandfromtheotherbrand.
Weeventuallylocated19regularcoladrinkersand27dietColadrinkers.Thenwefedthemfourunidentifiedsamplesofcolaoneatatimeregularcolasfortheonegroupdietversionsfortheother.WeaskedthemtotelluswhethereachsamplewasCokeorPepsithenweanalyzedtherecordsstatisticallytocomparetheparticipants’choiceswithwhatmereguessworkcouldhaveaccomplished.
Gettingallfoursamplesrightwasatoughtestbutnottootoughwethoughtforpeoplewhobelievedtheycouldrecognizetheirbrand.Intheendonly7outof19regularcoladrinkerscorrectlyidentifiedtheirbrandofchoiceinallfourtrials.Thedietcoladrinkersdidalittleworseonly7of27identifiedallfoursamplescorrectly.
Whilebothgroupsdidbetterthanchancewouldpredictnearlyhalftheparticipantsineachgroupmadethewrongchoicetwoormoretimes.Twopeoplegotallfoursampleswrong.Overallhalftheparticipantsdidaboutaswellonthelastroundoftastingasonthefirstsofatigueortasteburnoutwasnotafactor.OurpreferencetestresultssuggestthatonlyafewPepsiparticipantsandCokefansmayreallybeabletotelltheirfavoritebrandbytasteandprice.
16Accordingtothepassagethepreferencetestwasconductedinorderto______.
a.findouttheroletastepreferenceplaysinaperson’sdrinking
b.revealwhichcolaismoretothelikingofthedrinkers
c.showthataperson’sopinionabouttasteismereguesswork
d.comparetheabilityoftheparticipantsinchoosingtheirdrinks
17Thestatisticsrecordedinthepreferencetestsshow_____.
a.CocaColaandPepsiarepeople’stwomostfavoritedrinks
b.thereisnotmuchdifferenceintastebetweenCocaColaandPepsi
c.fewpeoplehadtroubletellingCocaColafromPepsi
d.people’stastesdifferfromoneanother
18Itisimpliedinthefirstparagraphthat_______.
a.thepurposeoftastetestsistopromotethesaleofcolas
b.theimprovementofqualityisthechiefconcernofthetwocolacompanies
c.thecompetitionbetweenthetwocolasisverystrong.
d.Blindtastingisnecessaryforidentifyingfans
19Theword“burnout”(inthesecondsentencefromtheendPara.5)herereferstothestateof______.
a.beingseriouslyburntintheskin
b.beingunabletoburnforlackoffuel
c.beingbadlydamagedbyfire
d.beingunabletofunctionbecauseofexcessiveuse
20Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassageisto______.
a.showthattastepreferenceishighlysubjective
b.arguethattastetestingisanimportantmarketingstrategy
c.emphasizethattasteandpricearecloselyrelatedtoeachother
d.recommendthatblindtastingbeintroducedinthequalitycontrolofcolas
二翻译题请将下列句子翻译为汉语（共40分，每题20分）
ITranslatethefollowingtwoparagraphsintoChinese.
1Insteadofhavingtoestablishrulesandlimitsanarduousandoftenfrustratingjobinsteadofhavingtoworkatsocializingchildreninordertomakethemmoreagreeabletolivewithparentscouldsolvealltheseproblemsbyresortingtothetelevisionset.
2
Wecannoteliminatetherisksexceptbynotdoingthosethingsbutbydoingsowejustsubstituteawholenewsetofrisksinsteadofriskingbuyingahousewithdryrotweriskhavingabadlandlord.
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